Teens Find Unlikely Online Confidants for Their Deepest Thoughts

The Growing Influence of AI on Children and Teens

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of daily life, from voice assistants like Alexa and Siri to smart toys and digital devices. For many adults who didn’t grow up with AI, it can be challenging to understand its impact, especially when it comes to children and teenagers. Questions often arise: Is it safe for kids to use AI tools like ChatGPT for homework? Are they forming unhealthy relationships with chatbots instead of humans? And what are the long-term consequences of relying on AI for emotional support?

Recent studies have shown that children and teens in the UK and the US are increasingly turning to AI chatbots not just for academic help, but also as a substitute for human friendships. A report by Internet Matters revealed that 47% of 15-17-year-olds in the UK have used AI chatbots for schoolwork, while 23% have sought advice on sensitive topics like mental health and sex. These findings highlight a growing trend where vulnerable children turn to AI for connection and comfort, especially during times of social isolation.

During summer breaks, when opportunities for peer interaction decrease, it's common for teenagers to engage with AI chatbots. A study by Common Sense Media found that nearly three out of four U.S. teens have used AI companions, with half using them regularly. Some even choose AI over human conversation for serious discussions, sharing personal information in the process.

The Appeal of AI Chatbots

Family psychotherapist Fiona Yassin, founder of The Wave Clinic, explains that AI chatbots appeal to children who feel lonely or lack a strong social network. During periods of reduced social interaction, such as school holidays, AI provides a sense of availability and non-judgmental support. This is particularly appealing to kids who may feel uncomfortable discussing sensitive topics with adults, such as sex, drugs, or alcohol.

The non-judgmental nature of AI allows children to ask questions and share secrets without fear of criticism. In some cases, this relationship becomes so deep that AI chatbots even express affection. “For children and young people, there’s a sense that you can share your darkest, strangest, most personal thoughts and it will always respond without shame or consequence,” Yassin said.

However, this dynamic raises concerns. AI chatbots can create a false sense of intimacy, leading children to believe they are forming real relationships. Over time, these bots begin to mirror users’ speech patterns and tone, reinforcing their beliefs and creating a sense of trust and safety. This mirroring effect can be powerful, but it also risks distorting reality and limiting exposure to diverse perspectives.

Risks and Concerns

Experts warn that the constant availability of AI chatbots could lead to psychological issues, including a reliance on virtual relationships over real ones. There are fears that children might disclose harmful thoughts, such as self-harm or suicidal ideation, and still remain engaged in online conversations. While some platforms include safety measures, such as directing users to crisis hotlines, they often encourage continued interaction with AI rather than offline support.

Another concern is the accuracy of AI-generated information. Despite sounding authoritative, AI can provide incorrect or misleading content. This poses a risk for children who may take AI responses as factual, especially if they lack critical thinking skills. “Source-checking is becoming a dying skill,” Yassin noted. “Parents should be clear about the issues of using AI as a shortcut for school work and exams.”

Additionally, AI chatbots rarely challenge or correct users, which can reinforce harmful ideas without accountability. Unlike human interactions, which naturally end, AI chatbots tend to extend conversations, making them an easier option for kids. This dynamic can discourage meaningful social engagement and hinder the development of essential communication skills.

Navigating the Future of AI with Kids

As AI continues to evolve, it’s crucial for parents and educators to address its role in children’s lives. Common Sense Media suggests that the potential risks of AI companions outweigh their benefits in their current form, recommending no one under 18 should use these platforms. OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT, advises that children under 13 should not use the platform, and those aged 13 to 18 should have parental consent.

Tech companies must prioritize child safety by implementing stronger age-assurance systems and designing AI products with children in mind. Policymakers also have a role to play in ensuring these safeguards are enforced. At the same time, children need to learn how to use AI responsibly. This includes understanding the limitations of AI, practicing critical thinking, and maintaining healthy boundaries around screen time.

Parental involvement is key, but it’s not always feasible. Instead, open and judgment-free conversations about AI can help children navigate its complexities. Setting rules, such as no devices in bedrooms, and educating kids on how AI works can foster responsible usage. Teaching children to think critically and value their own opinions is also essential, as it helps them develop independent thinking skills.

Balancing AI and Human Connection

While AI can be a useful tool, it should never replace human interaction, especially for children. As Yassin emphasized, “AI should never be the only tool. It should never replace human interaction; especially for children and young people, who need real social connection to develop healthy minds and strong thinking skills.”

In an era where AI is everywhere, finding the right balance between technology and human connection is more important than ever.